Method for heating coke ovens



Feb. 25, .1930. OTTO 1,748,143

METHOD FOR HEATING COKE OVENS Filed Jan. 26, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTO I? A TTORNE Feb. 25, 1930.

0. OTTO METHOD FOR HEATING COKE OVENS Filed Jan 26. 1926 5 sheets-sheet 2 ATTORNEY Feb. 25, 1 930.

. C. OTTO METHOD FOR HEATING COKE OVENS Filed Jan. I 26', 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 mg m I ya;

l/Vl ENTOR ATTO/f/VEV Feb. 25, 1930.

C. OTTO METHOD FOR HEATING COKE OVENS 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 26, 1926 VE/VTOI? ATTORNEY Feb. 25, 1930.

c. QITO METHOD FOR HEATING COKE OVENS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 26, 1926 3 RN 4w 7 r I.| C M" NH MG w m w m hOT l/V vE/v TOR 0% A T TOR/W5 V looks black.

Patented Feb. 25 1930 v UNITED STATES;

CAR-L OTTO, OF- ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY METHOD FOR HEATING COKE OVENS Application filed January 26, 1926, Serial No. 83,964, and in Germany February 4, 1926.

- It is a matter of importance to uniformly heat the walls-of coke ovens, in order to produce a uniform rate of coking in the oven. With high ovens the lower portion thereof ordinarily works hotter than the upper portion. Therefore it was heretofore necessary to continue to heat this lower portion until the upper portion of the charge had also been coked'. Consequently an unnecessarily increased heat consumption took place in said lower portion of the oven. When such a coke cake is prematurely pushedout, then the lower portion thereof is found to be overcoked, while towards the top the cake still It has been proposed for instance, in order to attain a uniform temperature throughout the entire surface of the wall of high ovens, that is to say, ovens having chambers'3 to 4 meters high, to alternately shorten the fiues or to provide an additional heating from the top ofthe oven. In such cases, however, the burner tips are flush with thesoles of the heating fines and the level of the burning points above the floor of the oven if at first arranged in a predetermined manner cannot be afterwards altered.

' In accordance with my invention, I provide a method and means of'heating coke ovens whereby the above disadvantages are overcome and a uniform rate of coking is effected, without material change to the oven construction; it being possible to utilize my method with various types of coke ovens. Uniform rate of coking is secured regardless of the quality of coal being coked or the composition of the gas being used to heat the. oven, by arranging the burning point that is the place where the heating gas and the air for combustion join together, within the fine of the heating wall at" a higher or lower level above the bottom of the heating flues. In coking dry coal for instance experience has shown that the burning point must be situated at a very high level, while in coking washed coke coal of a water content ofl2 percent for instance, the burning point is to be situated at a considerably lower level. Furthermore, different sorts of coal deliver heating gases of very different composition; with higher contents of hydrogen short combustion flames will occur and the burning point is then to be ar-' ranged as highly as possible, while with fat rich gases long flames are formed so that a lower position of the burning point must be aimed at.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a method and means whereby a uniform rate of coking of the entire coal charge is effected by arranging the burning points of the combustibles, gas and air, at different heights above the bottoms of the fines, and preferably altering theposition of such burning points, so as to regulate, in'a vertical direction, the amount of heat delivered to different portions of the heating walls, by the combustibles. v

Another object of the invention is to pro vide-a method and means of securing a fine regulation of the uniformity of heating of the entire charge by altering the calorific value of the combustibles used to supply the burners for heating the oven, between reversals of the oven.

Another object of the invention is to provide for the further regulation of uniformity of coking by varying-the burning time of the individual burning points, so that the period during which gas and air is supplied to the burners of one height will bear a predetermined relation to the period of time during which gas and air is supplied to the burners of a different height, and so that such predetermined relation may be varied in accordance with the heating requirements of the oven.

Althou h the means for realizing my process and or embodying my invention may differ, some of the devices preferable for carrying out my new process will be described in the following specification with reference to the accompanying drawings which form part thereof.

On these drawings:

Figs. 1 and 2 refer to the first embodiment, Figs. '3 to 5 to the second, Figs. 6 to 8 to the third, Figs. 9 and 10 to the fourth, Figs. 11 and 12 to the fifth, Figs. 13 and 14.- to.the sixth, Figs. 15 and 16 to the seventh, Fig. 17 to the eighth embodiment of my invention, and in particular: 1

1 shows the vertical section of a burnmg of heating wall at the burning point.

Fig. 2 shows, in reduced scale, the arrangei to Fig. 1, on line HL-III of Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 is a horizontalsection through the fines above the burning points on line IVIV of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a vertical section, corresponding to Fig. 2, on line VV of Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 is a vertical section, corresponding to Fig. 3, on line VIP-VI of Fi 7,

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section, corresponding to Fig. 8 is a vertical section, correspon ing to Fig. 5, on line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7,

Fig. 9 is a vertical section through a burner-brick on line llXlX of Fig. 10,

Fig. 1G is the appurtenant top view;

' Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are section and top view corresponding to Figs. 9 and 10, respectively, Figs. 13 and i l are likewise section and top view corresponding to Figs. 9 and 10;

Fig. 15 is a vertical. section, corresponding to rig. 5, on line XVXV of Fig. 16,

ig. 6 is horizontal section, corresponding to i, on line XVIIXVI of Fig. 15, Fig. 1''? is a vertical section corresponding to Referring first tothe embodiment to wit: The process and apparatus illustrated in Figs; 1 and 2, 1 denotes the nozzle-bricks which are stationarily arranged in the usual way on the lower end of the flues 2, which, as shown, are of the same height, the passage 3 of brick 1, being enlarged on the top. This enlarged portion 3 of passage 3 is adapted to receive a tubular prolongation at with passage 3 forming the proper burner and hav'- ing a restricted portion i engaging 3, the burner being put into place and removed or replaced by a shorter or longer one as desired from the top 5 of the oven through an opening 6 in the brickwork, Air for combustion is supplied through passages 7 fitting into the fines 2 at their lower end. It is to be seen that the level where the combustiontakes place can thus be altered within one and the same heating wall, according to different requirements, such as those conditioned by the kind of coal being coked or the kind of gas being used to heat the oven. It will often be advisable to position the admission openings of the burners in the middle portion of the oven higher than at the ends thereof, as shown in Fig. 2.

While the'described embodiment is, suitably adapted to be employed with half-divided ovens, that means ovens in which, alternately, in one half of each heating wall the heating media arise and in the other half de seen-d, the embodiment shown in Flgs. 3 to 5 isypreferably adapted for ovens equipped 3 is a vertical section, corresponding Fig. 4., on line VII-VII of Fi e,

i into the fines.

lllCll are 3111 flues ranged in the end flue of each hair-pin flue.

Air is supplied to the fines 2 and 2 through passages 7 which are connected to the regenerator 11. The conduits supplying gas to the burners 9 and 10 are connected at 12 and 13 to thestationary nozzle-bricks 1 and'l The latter may be joined to the appurtenant v burner tubes 4, 4 by mortar, or said tubes maybe mounted loosely thereon and form exchangeable elements, as described with respect to the first embodiment. As shown in 5 the drawing, the burner tubes 4, i may be surrounded by the masonry of the fines near- 1y up to their top, they may, however, be constructed, as specified in my pending patent;

application of burner flue for coke ovens,'g

Serial. Number 17,101/1925fso as to form freely standing tubular burners projecting This latter form of embodiment is preferably adapted in case the hair pin oven is a so-called compound oven'that 5 means is designed for selective or common heating by strong and weak gas. In this case each flue is connected both to a weak-gasregenerator and an air-regenerator.-

A structions of Figs. 1 to 5 by means of which my process may be carried out is illustrated in Figs. 6 to 8, two or more burners difiering in level abovethe bottom of the flue being provided in this embodiment within each flue. This arrangement enables'one to dis place, as desired, the highest heating effect into upper or lower flue-portions in each flue within a very short time, so that the oven is able, to a degree not attained hitherto, to be adapted to the unequal and varying requirements of heat of its individual portions, necessary to produce a uniform rate of coking of the entire charge. In this example 8 denotes the coking chambers arranged each in the usual way between the heating walls which, in their turn, are subdivided so as to form a plurality of vertical lines 2. Each flue 2 comprises two nozzle-bricks 1 and 1 for strong gas, which are connected by the conduits 12, 13 to the main gas conduit. The air for combustion is supplied from the regenerator 11 through passages 7. The supply ofgas to the higher bricks 1 and to the lower bricks 1 may be effected by selectively connecting by a two-way damper the appurtenant pipes 12 and 13 to the conduit supplying the strong gas. Another possibility of supplying the gas is given by connecting on 'l 0 me one-hand all the nozzle-bricks 1 by their refined embodiment of one of the con- 10a pipes 12 and all the nozzle-bricks 1 on the other hand by their pipes 13 each to a special supply conduit branched from the main gas conduit, a damper likewise being provided to selectively connect said branches to said main conduit. This'second embodiment oflers the advantage that the gas supply can be turned over at once from thehigher to the lower burners by one single turning movement of the damper and vice-versa. In contradistinction thereto the first-described embodiment enables one to so operate'each flue 2, independently of the other flues, so that the higher or lower burners are fed. In this case, however, as many adjustments of the damper are needed as-flues exist. a

As illustrated, the nozzle-bricks 1, 1 may be arranged immediately beside one another and in close connection to the flue-walls 14,, they may, however, also be constructed to form freely standing tubular burnerelements which project .into the flues, as described in my pending patent application of burner flue for coke ovens Serial Number 17,101/25. Furthermore, the abovementioned exchangeable tubular prolongations 4, 4* may be provided on the .top ofthe bricks 1, 1, as likewise shown in the drawing.

It will be understood without explanation that the above-described method of heating coke ovens and the burner arrangement are also adapted to beused in compound ovens heated selectively or in common with strong and weak gas. In this case the regenerators must be subdivided i'n a'well-,known manner into weak gas-regenerators and air-regenerators and each flue must be connected both to a gas regenerator and an air regenerator.

Besides my method and the described burner arrangement are adapted to be used both in coke ovens of various systems of gas supply, as recuperative and regenerative ovens, and with any system of subdivision of the heating walls, viz, into halves, orseveral groups of heating flues or hair-pin fiues.

Some preferred forms of embodiment of the-exchangeable burners 4 are illustrated in Figs. 9 to 14.

The burner shown in Figs. 9 and 10 comprises one or more prismatic or cylindrical hollow nozzle-bricks each of which has a recess 16 at one end and a corresponding enlargement 17- at its other end. A throttling 'disk 18 having a suitable bore 19 may be put into the enlargement of the uppermost brick,

see Figs. 9 and 10.

uppermostbrick, of the burner. In this" Figs. 11 and 12 show another form of the and its upper edge is suitably rounded off.

The throttling of the gas passing through the central longitudinal channel ,21 may-be ef- -fected in this case by inserting a. plug 23 having a suitable bore 22. A further embodiment illustrated in Figs. 13 and '14, thi embodiment being preferably adapted to be used with the arrangement of Figs. 6 to 8. Here a stationary nozzle-brick 1 or 1 (not shown) Y carries an intermediate brickj24 having a lower recess 16 and an upper enlargement disposed concentrically with respect to theenlargements 17 According to whether the gas is to escape throughthe branch'26 or 27, the respective enlargement llis'covered by a plug or throttled y a throttling-disk 18. Each enlargement 17 of the intermediate brick -24 may further receive bricks 15 and 20, respectively, by means of recesses 16.

The use of the described intermediate bricks 24 offers the advantage that'a plurality of exit openings for the gas, for instance two openings, can be provided, one of which is situated but little above the bottom of the flue, while-the other can be arranged at any desired level, by. simply inserting a corresponding number of bricks l5'and 20, respectively. The quantity of gas escaping through these burners may be regulated by throttling disks or plugs, as described. v

The above-mentioned stationary brick 1 or 1 (not shown) is preferably likewise provided with an enlargement like 3*. of Fig. 1 and corresponding to the recess 16, so that the burner-formed by'the individual bricks 15 or 20, respectively, constitutes an integral piece of comparatively high stability. Of course, the individual bricks may be walled up together, thus giving up the exchangeability, so as to form a complete burner tube 4 or 4 thistube being mounted loosely on or ointed by mortar to said stationary brick 1 or 1", as aboveexplained.

Afurther realization of the idea of my invention is illustratedin Figs. 15 to 17 two or more burners difiering in level being provided here in each flue like the embodiment of Figs. 6,to 8. Liketo this last-embodied idea of the invention the regulation of'the heating power of the wallsisefl'ected here by supplying the'gas to the flues at differentlevels through pipes or passages'lod'gedin the partitions between the heating fiues. This arrangement likewise enables one to displace as desired and within a very short time, the greater heatingefi ect ineach flue into upper or-lower portions thereof, so that the oven can be adapted in the most. perfect manner tothe unequal and varying requirements of heat.

burner openings 28, :28 connecting said pasnumber of burner openings depends on the One or more conduits or passages 27, 27

provided within the partitions, 14 betweenthe heating flues 2 serve tosupply the gas,

openings 28, 28* at different level above the bottom of the tines. Thepassages 27. and

Qfi are connected each to an individual supply conduit branched oil from the main gas conduit. The supply of gas to all the burners may be regulated from said main conduits A time regulation of the individual burners is eiiected by fitting pieces 29 inserted from above into the, passages '27,, 27.

Another way of regulation may consist in connecting to all the passages 27 the lower burner openings 28 and to all the passages '27 theupper burner openings 28?. Uwing.

to the fact that each of the passages 27, 27

is able to be controlledindividually from the main gas conduit, this arrangement oders the advantage that the upper or-lower burners can be thrown into or out of operation as required.

llhe operation of the oven takes place as indicated by full line arrows in Fig. 15, the for instance rising in the passages of every second partition and entering the lines Q through the burner openings 28, 28-. in the tines the gas burns in upward direction together with the air supplied from below from the regenerators 11, lhe products of coinbustion descend in the neighboring flue. Upon reversal, the operation talres place the direction of t .e dotted arrows.

ln an analogous manner is eflected the heating of the halt-divided oven illustrated v.-- r iglZ. in the letthand half of this figure every second partition i l comprises one or more passages 2'2, 2 (2? not shown'in Fig. 17) and burner openings 28, 28 connecting them with two neighboring Hues '2, while in the righthand halt the burner openings 28, 28 of each passage 27, 23 are in connection each merely with one of the neighboring three 2. in this latter case the heating of the oven can' be regulated in a simpler manner, the stability of the oven. however, is somewhat weakened due to the dpuble number of passages in the partitions since each partition is in the latter case provided with passages. It will be understood that this kind of heating is not'limited to halt divided ovens, but

- can be made use of with any subdivision of numbers. When a plurality of passages 27,

groups of fines of the oven. 7

As it will be seen from the drawing, all the burner openings 28 are arranged at the same level, while all the burner openings 28 are situated another common level above the due-bottom; The burner openings, however, may be also a-rrangedat different levels n the individual fines. T 1e openings 28, 28 oil the partitions of an eveniiumber tor instance, may be staggered in level with respect .4. 0 90 1'; 'i. 63 to the openings 0, .110 or he pal lulOllSO o n 27 is provided, the openings oi one of them may be staggered relatively to those of the other pipes. This offers a means for regulating the heating effect of the portions of the heating etlectof the upper or lower portions of each heating Wall'by arranging the individual burning points of each wall at different levels which preferably can be altered as desired. This alteration of the level is effected able tubular nozzle-prolongations of difierent length, and in the embodiments of Figs. 15

to 17 by supplying the gas from the partitions between the tines through burneropenings which are arranged at diilerent levels above the bottom of the dues.

It will be understood without any "further detailed explanation that but a. coarse regulation of the heating effect of the individual portions of a wall can lye-obtained by the described means. Therefore an improvement of my present invention consists in creating, in some measure, besidessaid coarse regulation of the heating power, a fine regulation thereof. Such a line regulation is im ortant especially in case the composition of the used heating gases does not-vary too much, so

' that a flameot approximately unitorm length 1y, may be calibrated difi erently, that is, by

regulatin the calorific value of the gas and air supplied to theburners of one height in predet'crminecL relation to the calorific value of ,the and air supplied to the burners of a different height, so'that while the upper openings are in operation, a lar 'er quantity of gas will be burned, or inversely. he com.- position of the inixture may further be a ltered by throttling the air for combustion or by raising the pressure between two reversals of the oven. When calorific value one s disoosal, the kind of gas may be changed at eve calorific value of the being thus altered.

said fine regulation is bu places,

of diiierent composition and, consequently, of different Another method and means for obtaining.

gas and air being supplied to the upper burners' for instance for alonger time than to the lower burners, A larger quantity of gas will thus leave the upper burners between two re- .versals and a correspondingly higher calorifi'c valueof the mixture will be attained during this burning period.

Of course, the well-known regulation of the heating effect of the wall portions in horizontal direction may be handled independent- 1y of the described fine regulation of the calorific value of the gas and air supplied to the wall portions situated above each burner-between two reversals.

- To this end the'wall portions situated near 3 the doors may be permanently heated .in a somewhat higher degree, owing to their higher radiation of heat, for instance by dimen-' si'oning the appurtenant gas and air passages somewhat larger'than those; leading-to the inner wall portions.

Having thus descrlbed my invention, it

be understood that changes may be made in carrying the invention-into effect, withoutdeparting from the principle thereof.

= What I claim and desire to secure by Lettersj Patent is:

1. The meth d of heating coke ovens, provided with heating walls each of which is subdivided into a plurality of vertical heating flues, the soles of said flues being on the same level, which comprises regulating in a vertical direction the amount of heat delivered to the different portions of the heating walls by.

admitting fuel gas and air to the flues, starting burning thereof of the gas in the vertical flues at different heights above the soles of .said flues and below the tops of the flues and altering the heights where the combustion starts.

2. The method of heating coke ovens, provided with heating walls each of which is subdivided into a plurality of vertical heating flues, the soles of said flues being on the same level which comprises regulating in a vertical direction the amount of heat delivered to the different portions of the heating walls,.by admitting fuel gas and air to the flues, starting burning thereof of the gas in some of the 'flues, the soles of said flues being on the same level, which comprises admitting fuel gas and air to the lines starting combustion thereof in the vertical flues at different heights above the soles and below the tops of the flues, and re versing at intervals the direction of flow of the fuel gasand air and regulating, between said reversals, the calorific value-of'said fuel gas, thereby regulating in a vertical direction, the amount of heat delivered to the different portions of said heating 'walls.'- 4. The method of. heating coke ovens provided with heating walls each of which is subdivided into a pluralityof vertical heating flues, the soles'of said flues being on the same level which comprises regulating in a vertical direction, the amount of heat delivered to the different portions of the heating flues by admitting fuel gas'and air to the flues, startin combustion thereof in the vertical flues at di ferent heights above the bottoms and below the tops of the flues, and altering the heights where the combustion takes place,.reversing at intervals, the direction of flow of the gas and air and regulating between reversals the calorific value of said fuel gas. 1

5. The method of heating coke ovens vided with heating walls each of. whic subdivided into avplurality-of vertical heating flues, the soles of said flues being on the same level, which comprises admitting fuel gas and air to the flues, starting combustion thereof at different heights above the bottoms and below the tops of said flues and regulating the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied to the burners of one height in relation to the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied to the burners of a different height, thereby regulating in a vertical direction the amount of heat delivered to the different portions of said heating wall. 6. The method of heating coke ovens, provided with heating walls each ofwhich is subdivided into a plurality of vertical heating I flues, the soles of said flues being on the same level, which comprisesregulating in a vertical direction the amount of heat delivered to the different portions of said heating walls, byadmitting fuel gas and air to vthe flues, startin combustion thereof at difi'erent heights a ove the bottoms and below the tops of said flues, altering the heights where combustion takes place and regulating the calorific value of the fuel gas supplied to the r burners of one height in relation to the calo- T rific value of the fuel gas supplied to the burners of a different height.

7. The method of heating coke ovens,'provided withheating walls each of-which is subdivided into a plurality of vertical heating flues, the soles of said flues being on the same level, which comprises-regulating in avertical direction the amount of heat'delivered to the different portions of said heating walls, by admittin fuel gas and" air to the. flues, startin com ustion thereof at difierent heights a ove the bottoms and below the tops'of said flues, reversing .at inte'rvals the direction'of flow of the gas and air and throtf tling, between said reversals the air supplied to said flues.

8. The method of heating coke ovens, provided with heating e s east at which is suhrlividecl into a plurality or vertical heating fiues, the soles of said fines being on the same leve whi h comprises regulating in e vertical direction the amount of heat leliv erecl to the oliiierent portions of said heating walls by admitting fuel gas and air to the ilues starting combustion thereof in the vertical fines, at different heights above the loot toms of ancl below the tops of said fiues, alteia w ing the heights where combustiontakes place veversilig intervals the :liiection of flow the combustible gas and air and throttling loetween saicl reversals, air suppliecl to saic hues.

virlerl with heating each ofwhich is suhcliviclellin'to a plurality of vertical heat :tlues,'the soles of-saicl fines lacing on the same level which comprises regulating ins vertical direction the amount oi heat deliv ereri to the different portions of said heating walls, by admiting. iiuel and air to the lines star g 1. ibustion thereof in the vertical. hues coherent heights alcove the bottoms 1 below the tops Of a heating intervals a cation of no vaiying the phosupply hetween reversals of .eci wiu walls each'of which is sub cliviclecl iiato plurality of. tical heating ilues the soles or s icl flues being on the which 901 -pflses sting in a verti the amount of neat delivered said heating walls air to the flue t heights above the hottoms Jens oi? saicr fines, alterln the ustlon takes placegeversi s directio f how of the g h ncl varying the essure of 1y oetween reversals or the even.

as l .1@ method of heating coke ovens ial 'l. heating walls each of which. is suhui'ality oi? vertical heatug Mild Jiues being on the e prises regulating iii a ver"- the amount of heat (lelivei'ecl vei,

direction th ie 'eht j itions of the heating wal l); M 0 el gas and. to the lines em on thereof in the vertical fiuesu differ nt heights shove the bottom u and oeiow tops of saicl lines and in va i he time at theinchviclual huts a W51 heating walls each which 53 ivirled into a plurality vertical heatlines, the of said Flues on the which comprises 1 rectioh the amount 0 erent portions 1Q heating 1.. .L? 1 5G the The method of heating coke ovens, proname to this specification.

.. ethocl oit heating coke ovens protlues, starting combustion thereof in the ver tical flues at ii'ffereut heights above the hottoms aucl below the tops oi saicl ilues, altering the heights where combustion takes place auol varying the burning time the inoliviclual burning points. 3

13. The method of heatihgcoke ovens having an oven chamber and provided with a pair of horizontally extending heating walls arrangeol on two opposite sides thereof each direction the amount of heat delivered to the oven chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my CARL euro. 

